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Epidemiologic trends of infants with orofacial clefts in a multiethnic country: a retrospective population-based

Mimi Yow1,2, Aizhen Jin3, George Seow Heong Yeo4

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, National Dental Centre Singapore, Second Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168938, Singapore. mimi.yow@singhealth.com.sg.

Scientific Reports
|April 7, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Singapore

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Orofacial cleft surveillance is crucial for healthcare and prevention planning.
  • Precision medicine requires detailed data to manage individuals at risk for clefts.
  • Understanding cleft topography by ethnicity and gender is vital for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the topography of orofacial clefts in Singapore by ethnicity and gender.
  • To establish the infant mortality rate within the cleft cohort.
  • To identify trends in cleft prevalence and associated mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Data extracted from the National Birth Defects Registry (2003-2012).
  • Population-based surveillance of orofacial cleft live births.
  • Trend testing using linear regression (p < 0.05 significance level).

Main Results:

  • Overall prevalence of cleft live births was 16.72 per 10,000, with no significant upward trend.
  • Prevalence varied by cleft type: isolated (8.77), non-isolated (7.04), and syndromic (0.91).
  • Significant upward trend observed in non-isolated clefts (p=0.0287); prevalence was sexually dimorphic and ethnic-specific.
  • Infant mortality rate (IMR) in the cleft cohort was 4.8%, more than double the general population IMR (2.1%).
  • Non-isolated and syndromic clefts accounted for 96.6% of infant deaths.

Conclusions:

  • Singapore's orofacial cleft prevalence shows ethnic and gender-specific patterns.
  • Infants with non-isolated and syndromic clefts face significantly higher mortality risks.
  • Data highlights the need for targeted interventions and improved management for high-risk cleft populations.

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