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An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
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Dedicated self-shielded Linac-based intracranial radiosurgery device: The ZAP-X.

Journal of radiosurgery and SBRT·2026
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Reirradiation treatment effects in the clinic (ReTEC) proposal - proof of concept based on spinal cord dose tolerance for reirradiation with stereotactic body radiotherapy.

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Correction: Whole-Body Dose of Patients Treated With ZAP-X Intracranial Gyroscopic Stereotactic Radiosurgery.

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Updated: Nov 9, 2025

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Self-Shielding for the ZAP-X®: Revised Characterization and Evaluation.

Georg A Weidlich1, M Bret Schneider2, Vilim Simcic2

  • 1Radiation Oncology, National Medical Physics and Dosimetry Company, Palo Alto, USA.

Cureus
|April 7, 2021
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Summary

The ZAP-X, a self-shielded radiosurgery device, minimizes radiation exposure risks without a bunker. This innovation enhances safety for patients and staff during head and neck treatments.

Keywords:
intracranial radiosurgeryradiation safetyself-shieldingshielding analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Radiosurgery Technology

Background:

  • Traditional stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) often requires dedicated radiation bunkers, increasing facility costs and complexity.
  • The ZAP-X system represents a novel approach to SRS delivery, integrating self-shielding capabilities.
  • Ensuring radiation safety for personnel and the public is paramount in radiotherapy operations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the radiation safety of the self-shielded ZAP-X system for stereotactic radiosurgery.
  • To determine if the ZAP-X can maintain safe public radiation exposure levels during clinical operation.
  • To provide guidance for radiation safety assessments of ZAP-X treatment facilities.

Main Methods:

  • The study postulates the feasibility of a self-shielded radiosurgical system.
  • It involves evaluating radiation exposure under a full clinical workload.
  • The assessment considers the integrated shielding of the ZAP-X device.

Main Results:

  • The ZAP-X system's integrated shielding is designed to provide consistent radiation protection.
  • The self-shielded design aims to reduce risks associated with traditional radiotherapy vaults.
  • Safe public radiation exposure levels are achievable under most clinical conditions.

Conclusions:

  • A self-shielded radiosurgical system like the ZAP-X can achieve safe radiation exposure levels for the public.
  • The ZAP-X technology offers a potentially safer and more accessible SRS solution.
  • This study provides a framework for future radiation safety evaluations of ZAP-X operations.