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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Scalable Step-by-Step Approach of Sustainable Bioplastic Production from Food Waste
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An improved multi-variable grey model for forecasting China's finished products from comprehensive waste utilization.

Xiaoyi Gou1, Bo Zeng2, Ying Gong3

  • 1College of Business Administration, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|April 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Accurate forecasting of finished products from waste recycling is crucial for sustainable resource use. An improved grey model significantly enhances prediction accuracy for China

Keywords:
Comprehensive waste utilizationComprehensive waste utilization creativityGrey incidence analysisMulti-variable grey prediction modelPrediction of finished products

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Resource Management
  • Data Science

Background:

  • Accurate prediction of finished products from waste recycling and reprocessing is vital for sustainable resource management and pollution reduction.
  • Comprehensive Waste Utilization (CWU) creativity reflects the efficiency of waste reprocessing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To forecast the finished products in China's Comprehensive Waste Utilization (CWU) using an improved multi-variable grey model.
  • To enhance the accuracy of waste reprocessing predictions compared to traditional models.

Main Methods:

  • An improved multi-variable grey model was developed, incorporating a linear correction term and grey action quantity.
  • The degree of grey incidence was used for explanatory variable selection and multicollinearity elimination.
  • The model's response function and parameter estimation methods were deduced and proven.

Main Results:

  • The improved grey model achieved a mean relative simulation percentage error of only 0.0001%.
  • This represents a significant improvement over the traditional GM(1,N) (12.1232%) and GM(1,1) (8.8402%) models.
  • Key factors influencing finished products were identified as general industrial solid waste utilization and the number of industrial enterprises.

Conclusions:

  • The improved grey model provides highly accurate predictions for finished products in China's CWU.
  • Future trends (2020-2025) for finished products from CWU are projected to be unstable.
  • The study highlights the importance of industrial solid waste management and enterprise numbers in waste reprocessing outcomes.