Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid: a case report

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Endocrinology
• Pathology

Background:

• Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (PSCCT) is exceptionally rare and aggressive.
• PSCCT presents diagnostic challenges, often mimicking thyroiditis or other thyroid cancers.
• It carries a poor prognosis due to its rapid progression.

Observation:

• A 76-year-old woman presented with neck pain, initially diagnosed as subacute thyroiditis.
• Treatment for thyroiditis was ineffective, and she later developed severe dysphagia, dyspnea, and dysphonia.
• Imaging revealed a significantly enlarged thyroid compressing the trachea and esophagus.

Findings:

• Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed PSCCT.
• The tumor extended into the anterior superior mediastinum, causing airway and esophageal compression.
• The patient required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for surgical intervention.

Implications:

• This case highlights the critical importance of considering PSCCT in refractory thyroid conditions.
• Accurate and timely diagnosis is essential for appropriate management of this rare thyroid cancer.
• Advanced surgical techniques may be necessary for managing extensive PSCCT.