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Related Experiment Video

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A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact
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Sex-based differences in helmet performance in bicycle trauma.

Joshua Feler1, Adrian A Maung2, Rick O'Connor3

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
|April 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Bicycle helmets may be less protective for females than males, potentially due to anatomical incompatibility or testing standards. Further research is needed to understand these sex-based differences in helmet efficacy.

Keywords:
accidentsgendertraffic

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Area of Science:

  • Trauma research
  • Public health
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Bicycle trauma is a significant public health concern.
  • Helmet use is recommended to mitigate injury severity.
  • Existing research often does not account for sex-based differences in helmet effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential sex-based differences in the protective efficacy of bicycle helmets.
  • To analyze helmet effectiveness for common injuries in bicycle trauma patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study using the 2017 National Trauma Database.
  • Inclusion of patients aged 18+ who sustained bicycle crash injuries.
  • Multivariable logistic regression models, both sex-disaggregated and sex-combined, analyzing helmet use and injury outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Helmet use was higher in females (48.0%) than males (34.2%).
  • Helmeted females had higher rates of serious head injury compared to helmeted males.
  • Helmets reduced odds of intracranial hemorrhage and death in males, but not females. Sex-combined models showed significantly less odds reduction for females across multiple severe head injury outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Bicycle helmets may provide less protection to females compared to males.
  • Potential causes include anatomical incompatibility and disparities in helmet testing standards.
  • Further investigation into sex or gender-based differences in helmet design and testing is warranted.