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The nurse documents nursing diagnoses and enters them into the patient record. The identified patient's nursing diagnosis is either written out with a plan of care or entered into the electronic health record.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

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Diagnostic Errors in Pediatric Critical Care: A Systematic Review.

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Diagnostic errors in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) are common, with missed diagnoses occurring in up to 23% of cases. Contributing factors include systems and cognitive issues, highlighting the need for further research.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical error research
  • Pediatric critical care medicine

Background:

  • Diagnostic error is a significant concern in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs).
  • Understanding the prevalence, impact, and contributing factors of diagnostic error is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and summarize the existing literature on diagnostic error in the PICU.
  • To identify the prevalence, impact, and associated factors of diagnostic errors in pediatric critical care.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to December 2019.
  • Seventeen studies were included after screening 396 abstracts, with a focus on diagnostic error and the diagnostic process in PICU settings.
  • Data extraction focused on research design, objectives, sample, and results related to diagnostic error prevalence, impact, and factors.

Main Results:

  • Autopsy studies revealed missed major diagnoses in 10-23% of cases, with 5-16% potentially impacting survival.
  • Retrospective reviews indicated diagnostic error rates ranging from 8% in general PICU populations to 21-25% in mortality conferences.
  • Commonly misdiagnosed conditions included cardiovascular, infectious, congenital, and neurologic diseases, with systems and cognitive factors contributing significantly.

Conclusions:

  • Current knowledge regarding diagnostic errors in the PICU is limited.
  • Future research should balance the study of individual disease diagnoses with the investigation of systemic and process-related determinants of diagnostic error.