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Updated: Nov 9, 2025
Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
Published on: June 17, 2025
High frequency of upper aerodigestive tract manifestations in mucous membrane pemphigoid
Hiroyasu Endo1, Terry D Rees2, Hideo Niwa3
1Department of Oral Diagnostics, School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Nihon University, Matsudo, Japan.
Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of upper aerodigestive tract involvement in patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid associated with desquamative gingivitis.
Subjects And Methods:
Data from 25 patients were collected by retrospective chart review. Their upper aerodigestive had been evaluated using a conventional flexible fiberscope. Oral disease activity was quantified on the basis of the Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid Disease Area Index activity score.
Results:
Lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract were confirmed in nine symptomatic patients (9/25, 36%), of which five (5/25, 20%) had laryngeal involvement. No lesions were seen in the asymptomatic patients on fiberscope examination. There was a statistically significant difference in the symptoms, high oral disease activity score, and linear IgA deposition on direct immunofluorescence between patients with and without upper aerodigestive tract lesions (p = .001, .001, .002, respectively).
Conclusion:
The high frequency of considerable complications highlights the importance of confirming the presence of upper aerodigestive tract involvement in patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid having desquamative gingivitis. Signs including the presence of symptoms, high oral disease activity score, or linear IgA deposition on direct immunofluorescence might indicate a higher risk of upper aerodigestive tract involvement.
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