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A Training Program Using an Agility Ladder for Community-Dwelling Older Adults
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Right up- left down.

Kenneth M Heilman1, David J Libon2, Chichun E Sun1

  • 1Department of Neurology, The Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Brain and Cognition
|April 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Healthy individuals often draw clocks counterclockwise, possibly due to motor programming linking downward with leftward and upward with rightward movements. This spatial bias in drawing may be learned or innate.

Keywords:
Action biasDirectional attentional biasDrawing clock faceDrawing direction

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Motor Control
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Healthy individuals exhibit a bias towards counterclockwise movement when drawing clock faces.
  • The underlying reasons for this directional bias in circular drawing are not fully understood.
  • This bias may stem from motor or attentional programs linking specific directional movements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis of a "down-left, up-right" motor programming.
  • To examine the directional components of circular movements in cursive writing.
  • To explore potential hemispheric lateralization of these movement patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of directional movements (up/down, left/right) in the initial curves of cursive writing.
  • Categorization of curved movements into paired directional components.
  • Examination of a large sample of written letters to identify movement patterns.

Main Results:

  • A consistent association was observed between upward movements and rightward motion.
  • A consistent association was observed between downward movements and leftward motion.
  • Evidence suggests potential hemispheric involvement: left hemisphere for right-upward, right hemisphere for left-downward movements.

Conclusions:

  • The study supports a link between downward-leftward and upward-rightward movements.
  • These findings suggest that learned writing direction may influence spatial biases in drawing.
  • Further research is necessary to determine if these spatial biases are innate or learned and their neurobiological underpinnings.