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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Field-Deployable Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Detection Using Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Combined with CRISPR-Cas12a
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CRISPR-Cas systems for diagnosing infectious diseases.

Anastasiya Kostyusheva1, Sergey Brezgin2, Yurii Babin1

  • 1National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
|April 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary

CRISPR-based technologies offer rapid, sensitive, and affordable point-of-care diagnostic tools for infectious diseases. These advanced platforms can detect pathogens quickly, aiding in disease management and curbing outbreaks globally.

Keywords:
COVID-19HBVHIVHPVMobile phone microscopyMolecular diagnosticsMolecular epidemiologyOne pot assaysPoint-of-care (POC)SARS-CoV-2TuberculosisViruses

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Infectious Disease Diagnostics

Background:

  • Infectious diseases pose a significant global health challenge, necessitating rapid and sensitive diagnostic methods.
  • Current diagnostic tools are often time-consuming, expensive, and require specialized laboratory settings, limiting their use in resource-limited areas and during outbreaks.
  • There is an urgent need for affordable, rapid point-of-care diagnostic assays for effective patient management and disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review explores CRISPR-based technologies as potential platforms for point-of-care nucleic acid detection.
  • The study aims to highlight the application of CRISPR systems in identifying and curbing infectious disease outbreaks and epidemics.
  • It examines the mechanisms, pros, and cons of various CRISPR-Cas systems for molecular diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of CRISPR-Cas systems, including Cas3, Cas9, Cas12, Cas13, and Cas14.
  • Discussion of signal amplification technologies (fluorescent, potentiometric, colorimetric, lateral flow assays) integrated with CRISPR systems.
  • Analysis of advanced CRISPR-based diagnostic platforms such as SHERLOCK/v2, DETECTR, CARMEN, and CRISPR-Chip.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR-based tools leverage various Cas proteins for highly accurate and sensitive nucleic acid detection.
  • Platforms like SHERLOCK/v2 and DETECTR can detect attomolar amounts of pathogenic nucleic acids with PCR-comparable specificity.
  • These systems require minimal technical settings, making them suitable for point-of-care applications.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-based diagnostic tools have the potential to revolutionize molecular diagnostics, making them affordable and accessible worldwide.
  • These technologies offer an unprecedented opportunity to reshape epidemiological surveillance and response to outbreaks and epidemics.
  • The development and distribution of rapid CRISPR-based diagnostics are crucial for managing socially significant diseases and emerging zoonotic threats.