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International measles importations United States, 1980-1985
L E Markowitz1, A Tomasi, C E Hawkins
1Division of Immunization, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Abstract:
Between 1980 and 1985, 89-121 international measles importations were reported annually in the US, accounting for 0.7-6.9% of the annual number of reported measles cases. These measles cases were acquired in more than 70 different countries. Three countries accounted for over one third of all imported cases: Mexico, the UK and the Philippines. Thirty-six states reported importations. However, over half of all importations were reported from only six states: California, New York, Maryland, Florida, Texas and Hawaii. Most measles importations did not cause transmission in the US. In 1982 and 1985 only 16% and 29% of importations resulted in any spread cases. Until there is better control of measles worldwide, high immunization levels are crucial for continued measles control in the US.
Insights
International measles importations into the US occurred frequently between 1980-1985, primarily from Mexico, the UK, and the Philippines. High immunization levels remain critical for measles control in the US.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Disease Control
- Public Health
Background:
- Measles importations posed a significant challenge to disease control efforts in the United States during the early 1980s.
- A substantial percentage of reported measles cases in the US originated from international sources, acquired in over 70 countries.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the patterns and origins of international measles importations into the US between 1980 and 1985.
- To assess the extent of measles transmission resulting from these importations within the US.
- To underscore the importance of global measles control and high US immunization rates.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of reported measles cases and importations in the US from 1980 to 1985.
- Identification of countries of origin for imported measles cases.
- Tracking of states reporting importations and subsequent domestic transmission.
Main Results:
- Between 1980-1985, the US reported 89-121 international measles importations annually, representing 0.7-6.9% of total cases.
- Mexico, the UK, and the Philippines were the primary sources, accounting for over a third of imported cases.
- While most importations did not lead to widespread transmission, 16% (1982) and 29% (1985) resulted in secondary cases.
Conclusions:
- Sustained high immunization coverage in the US is essential for controlling measles, given ongoing international importations.
- Effective global measles control is a prerequisite for achieving and maintaining measles elimination in the US.
- Targeted surveillance and rapid response in key states are important for preventing outbreaks from imported cases.