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Related Concept Videos

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Induced Electric Fields

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The fact that emfs are induced in circuits implies that work is being done on the conduction electrons in the wires. What can possibly be the source of this work? We know that it’s neither a battery nor a magnetic field, as a battery does not have to be present in a circuit where current is induced, and magnetic fields never do any work on moving charges. The source of the work is in fact an electric field that is induced in the wires. For example, if a stationary conductor is placed in a...
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Induced Electric Fields: Applications01:27

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An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
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Using electric appliances for a longer period of time consumes more electrical energy and results in a higher electric bill. The energy produced by the transfer of electrons from one point to another is known as electrical energy. If power is delivered at a constant rate, the electrical energy can be defined as the product of power used by the device for a period of time. The energy unit on electric bills is the kilowatt-hour, where one kilowatt-hour is equivalent to 3.6 × 106 joules.
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Electric power is the product of current and voltage, represented in units of joules per second, or watts. For example, cars often have one or more auxiliary power outlets with which you can charge a cell phone or other electronic devices. These outlets may be rated at 20 amps and 12 volts, so that the circuit can deliver a maximum power of 240 watts. Consider a 25 Watt bulb and a 60 Watt bulb. The conversion of electrical energy produces heat and light, while the kinetic energy lost by the...
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A Faraday disk dynamo is a DC generator, producing an emf that is constant in time. It consists of a conducting disk that rotates with a constant angular velocity in the magnetic field, perpendicular to the disk's plane. The rotation of the disk causes a change in magnetic flux, which induces an emf, causing opposite charges to develop on the rim and in the center of the disk. The polarity of the induced emf can be determined by the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the...
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A conductor needs to be a component of a path that creates a closed loop or full circuit to have a continuous current flowing through it. A current starts to flow if an electric field is created inside an isolated conductor that is not part of a full circuit. The conductor quickly develops a net positive charge at one end and a net negative charge at the other. These charges generate an electric field opposite the direction of the applied electric field, which reduces the current. Eventually,...
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A moisture-enabled fully printable power source inspired by electric eels.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a safe, disposable, and cost-effective all-solid-state power source using graphene printed on paper. Inspired by electric eels, this novel power source offers high voltage and power density for wearable electronics and IoT devices.

Keywords:
electric eelsgraphene inksinkjet printingion gradientmoisture-enabled electric power source

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Developing safe, cost-effective, and disposable power sources is crucial for advancing wearable electronics.
  • Existing power solutions often face challenges in terms of safety, disposability, and manufacturing complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an all-solid-state power source using graphene materials that can be directly printed on insulating substrates like paper.
  • To create a sustainable and customizable power solution for wearable electronics and Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized graphene materials for fabricating an all-solid-state power source.
  • Employed an electric eel-inspired design to convert ion gradient chemical energy into electrical energy.
  • Adapted mathematical fractal patterns and origami strategies for planar and 3D cell designs, respectively.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an ultrahigh voltage of 192 V with 175 series-connected cells printed on paper under ambient conditions.
  • Improved output power density to 2.5 mW cm⁻³ in planar cells using fractal design, comparable to lithium thin-film batteries.
  • Demonstrated a foldable 3D cell design using origami, showcasing design versatility.

Conclusions:

  • The printed, all-solid-state power source offers a safe, disposable, and cost-effective alternative to traditional batteries.
  • This technology eliminates the need for liquid electrolytes and hazardous components, simplifying fabrication.
  • The customizable and green energy solution is highly suitable for wearable electronics and IoT devices.