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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
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A standard system phantom for magnetic resonance imaging.

Karl F Stupic1, Maureen Ainslie2, Michael A Boss3

  • 1Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|April 13, 2021
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Summary

A new MRI system phantom offers traceable, precise measurements for scanner performance and quantitative imaging. This tool enhances MRI accuracy, enabling reliable quality assurance and inter-scanner comparisons.

Keywords:
MRI standardsphantomquality assurancequantitative MRI

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Metrology
  • Medical Imaging Physics

Background:

  • Quantitative MRI requires standardized tools for accurate performance assessment.
  • Existing methods lack traceability to International System of Units (SI) and high precision.
  • Variability in MRI scanner performance necessitates robust calibration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate a standard MRI system phantom for assessing scanner performance, stability, and comparability.
  • To enable accurate quantitative relaxation time imaging with SI traceability.
  • To provide a tool for quality assurance and benchmarking of MRI protocols.

Main Methods:

  • A 200 mm spherical phantom with fiducial arrays, relaxation time arrays, and proton density/SNR arrays was designed and constructed.
  • Standardized imaging protocols were developed for assessing geometric distortion, image uniformity, T1 and T2 mapping, resolution, slice profile, and SNR.
  • Phantom performance was evaluated using fiducial array analysis, advanced resolution analysis, and SNR analysis.

Main Results:

  • Fiducial array analysis quantified intrinsic geometric distortions and assessed scanner/coil uniformity and spatial calibration accuracy.
  • Advanced resolution analysis determined scanner and protocol contributions to image resolution.
  • SNR analysis provided insights into temporal and spatial contributions to signal-to-noise ratio.

Conclusions:

  • The standard system phantom facilitates comprehensive characterization and monitoring of MRI scanner performance.
  • It enables reliable comparison between different MRI scanners and protocols.
  • The phantom supports the transition of MRI towards a precise metrology with documented accuracy and uncertainty.