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Related Concept Videos

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
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Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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The Essential, Ubiquitous Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Proteins.

Marcos T Oliveira1, Grzegorz L Ciesielski2

  • 1Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (SSBs) are crucial for genome stability in all life forms. These proteins protect against DNA damage by binding and stabilizing single-stranded DNA (ssDNA).

Keywords:
Genome maintenanceRecombinationRepairReplicationSingle-stranded DNA intermediates

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Genome maintenance is essential for all living organisms.
  • Melting of the DNA duplex generates single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) intermediates.
  • ssDNA is thermodynamically unstable, prone to secondary structure formation, and DNA breakage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a general description of single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (SSBs).
  • To introduce the importance of SSBs in managing deleterious ssDNA structures.
  • To cover SSBs from various taxa within the Methods in Molecular Biology volume.

Main Methods:

  • This chapter serves as an introduction to a dedicated volume.
  • It provides a general overview and description of SSBs.
  • Focuses on SSBs across different biological taxa.

Main Results:

  • Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (SSBs) bind and stabilize ssDNA.
  • SSBs prevent secondary structure formation and DNA degradation.
  • SSBs are essential for viability in most life forms.

Conclusions:

  • SSBs are fundamental to genome maintenance by resolving potentially harmful ssDNA intermediates.
  • Their presence across all life forms underscores their critical role in cellular processes.
  • This chapter sets the stage for detailed methods on SSB research.