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Related Concept Videos

Golgi Apparatus01:09

Golgi Apparatus

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Properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles that exit the ER. Motor proteins transport these vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for adding modifications that make these proteins functional at their destination.
The Golgi apparatus is a eukaryotic organelle that has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. It is a primary sorting and dispatch station for cargo arriving from the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter the cis face of the Golgi, closest to the ER, and are...
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Golgi Apparatus01:49

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As they leave the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles. These vesicles are transported by microtubule-based motor proteins and fuse together to form vesicular tubular clusters, subsequently arriving at the Golgi apparatus, a eukaryotic endomembrane organelle that often has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance.
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Golgi Matrix Proteins01:12

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Golgi matrix proteins are a group of highly dynamic proteins that maintain the stacked structure of Golgi. These proteins adapt to rapid morphological changes of the Golgi during the cell cycle. During cell division, mild proteolysis removes these connections resulting in Golgi unstacking. In The daughter cells, these proteins help reassemble the unstacked Golgi.
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Transport Across the Golgi01:26

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While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...
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Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
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Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content02:33

Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content

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Cytokinesis segregates a cell’s chromosomes and organelles into its daughter cells. Organelles divide and grow prior to cell division but cannot be synthesized de novo; therefore, cells must receive at least one copy of each organelle to survive. Currently, many of the details of how the organelles are distributed are not yet fully elucidated.
Distribution of cytoplasmic determinants
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Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass
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GRASPing for consensus about the Golgi apparatus.

Christopher G Burd1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

The Journal of Cell Biology
|April 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Golgi ribbon formation requires GRASP65 and GRASP55 proteins. These proteins are essential for the side-by-side alignment of Golgi apparatus stacks, a crucial step in cellular organization.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Organelle Structure

Background:

  • The Golgi apparatus is composed of stacked cisternae.
  • Golgi ribbon formation involves the side-by-side alignment of these stacks.
  • GRASP proteins (GRASP65 and GRASP55) are known to be involved in cisterna stacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of GRASP65 and GRASP55 in Golgi ribbon formation.
  • To determine if proteins involved in stacking are also required for ribbon assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Immunofluorescence microscopy to visualize Golgi structure.
  • Knockdown or knockout studies of GRASP65 and GRASP55.
  • Analysis of Golgi ribbon integrity in manipulated cells.

Main Results:

  • GRASP65 and GRASP55 are indispensable for the formation of the Golgi ribbon.
  • Disruption of GRASP65 and GRASP55 function leads to fragmented Golgi structures.
  • These proteins are critical for the lateral association of Golgi stacks.

Conclusions:

  • GRASP65 and GRASP55 play a dual role in Golgi biogenesis, regulating both cisterna stacking and ribbon formation.
  • The findings elucidate a key mechanism underlying Golgi ribbon organization.
  • Targeting GRASP proteins could impact cellular architecture and function.