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Firearms and violence in Europe-A systematic review
Katharina Krüsselmann1, Pauline Aarten1, Marieke Liem1
1Institute of Security and Global Affairs, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Plos One
|April 14, 2021
Summary
Research on firearm availability and violence in Europe is limited. This systematic review highlights the need for consistent methods to improve understanding of firearm violence across European countries.
Area of Science:
- Criminology
- Public Health
- Sociology
Background:
- Previous studies link firearm availability to interpersonal violence, primarily in the US or using aggregated international data.
- The applicability of these findings to continental Europe remains unclear.
- This review focuses on studies exclusively using European data.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review existing European studies on firearm availability and violence.
- To identify gaps and inconsistencies in current research.
- To inform future research methodologies for better comparability.
Main Methods:
- A systematic search of nine databases yielded over 1900 studies.
- Studies were screened for relevance and eligibility based on title, abstract, and full text.
- Data on study characteristics, operationalizations, and results were extracted from six eligible studies.
Main Results:
- Four studies examined firearm restrictive regulations' impact on homicide rates.
- Two studies correlated firearm availability and violence rates.
- Findings were varied, with some showing declines after restrictions and others indicating limited effects on specific subgroups; methodological inconsistencies were noted.
Conclusions:
- Empirical research using exclusively European data is scarce.
- Methodological inconsistencies and regional gaps hinder comparability.
- Developing reliable and valid proxies for firearm availability is crucial for future research.
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