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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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What are Membranes?01:54

What are Membranes?

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A key characteristic of life is the ability to separate the external environment from the internal space. To do this, cells have evolved semi-permeable membranes that regulate the passage of biological molecules. Additionally, the cell membrane defines a cell’s shape and interactions with the external environment. Eukaryotic cell membranes also serve to compartmentalize the internal space into organelles, including the endomembrane structures of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation
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Multifunctional Membrane for Thermal Management Applications.

Ying-Nan Song1, Mao-Qin Lei1, Dong-Lin Han2

  • 1College of Polymer Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|April 15, 2021
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Summary

Researchers developed a dual-mode Janus membrane for passive cooling and heating. This innovative material offers significant temperature regulation, reducing energy consumption for thermal management.

Keywords:
multifunctionmultilayernanofibrousradiative coolingthermal management

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Energy

Background:

  • Space cooling and heating represent a substantial portion of global energy consumption.
  • Passive thermal management materials, particularly those with dual cooling and heating capabilities, are increasingly sought after.
  • Developing bifunctional materials is crucial for efficient and sustainable thermal management solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate a function-switchable Janus membrane capable of both passive cooling and heating.
  • To evaluate the thermal performance of the Janus membrane in different modes and configurations.
  • To explore the comprehensive properties and potential applications of the developed material.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a multilayer Janus membrane using polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber, zinc oxide nanosheet, carbon nanotube, silver nanowire, and polydimethylsiloxane.
  • Testing the membrane's performance in cooling mode by measuring temperature drops under specific conditions.
  • Assessing the membrane's performance in heating mode by measuring temperature rises due to sunlight absorption and thermal radiation reflection.

Main Results:

  • In cooling mode, the Janus membrane achieved significant temperature drops (8.2–14.0 °C) due to high thermal emissivity and sunlight reflectivity.
  • In heating mode, the membrane induced notable temperature rises (3.8–12.5 °C) by utilizing high thermal radiation reflectivity and sunlight absorptivity.
  • The membrane demonstrated excellent additional properties, including infrared camouflaging, electromagnetic shielding (53.1 dB), solvent tolerance, waterproofness, and flexibility.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Janus membrane effectively provides dual-mode passive cooling and heating for comprehensive thermal management.
  • Its unique multilayer structure and material properties enable significant temperature regulation with minimal energy input.
  • The material shows promising prospects for diverse applications beyond thermal management, including infrared stealth and electromagnetic shielding.