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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

Three-dimensional Imaging and Analysis of Mitochondria within Human Intraepidermal Nerve Fibers
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Small Fiber Neuropathy in the Elderly.

Lan Zhou1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center Cutaneous Nerve Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.

Clinics in Geriatric Medicine
|April 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Small fiber neuropathy is common in older adults and impacts quality of life. Early diagnosis and individualized treatment are key to managing symptoms and slowing progression.

Keywords:
Clinical featuresElderlyManagementSmall fiber neuropathy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) is a prevalent condition in the elderly.
  • SFN significantly diminishes quality of life due to symptoms like pain and dizziness, and medication side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of diagnosing and managing small fiber neuropathy in older adults.
  • To emphasize etiology-specific treatment and individualized pain management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on skin biopsy as the gold standard.
  • Screening for associated medical conditions is crucial for identifying treatable causes.

Main Results:

  • Identifying and treating underlying causes can slow SFN progression and improve symptoms.
  • Pain management in the elderly is challenging due to medication safety and tolerability concerns.

Conclusions:

  • Individualized treatment plans are essential for elderly patients with SFN.
  • Treatment goals include addressing underlying causes, alleviating pain, and optimizing daily function.