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Epidemiology of Lassa Fever
Antoinette R Bell-Kareem1, Allison R Smither2
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, JBJ 557, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. abell13@tulane.edu.
Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|April 16, 2021
Summary
Lassa fever, a deadly hemorrhagic disease, is spreading in West Africa due to the Lassa virus (LASV) carried by rodents. Prevention focuses on reducing rodent contact and community education.
Area of Science:
- Tropical Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Lassa fever (LF) is a severe hemorrhagic illness endemic to West Africa.
- The Lassa virus (LASV) is transmitted through the rodent reservoir Mastomys natalensis.
- Geographic spread is increasing due to trade and travel.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the epidemiology and transmission of Lassa fever.
- To highlight the challenges in controlling Lassa fever.
- To emphasize current preventative strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of Lassa fever epidemiology.
- Analysis of Lassa virus transmission dynamics.
- Review of public health interventions.
Main Results:
- Lassa fever is concentrated in Nigeria and Mano River Union countries.
- LASV spillover from Mastomys natalensis is ongoing.
- The virus has spread to new countries like Ghana, Benin, Mali, and Côte d'Ivoire.
Conclusions:
- Effective treatments and vaccines for Lassa fever are lacking.
- Prevention relies on reducing rodent exposure.
- Community awareness and reducing stigma for survivors are crucial.
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