[Craniosynostosis, a pediatric perspective].

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Neurosurgery
• Craniofacial Surgery
• Medical Genetics

Background:

• Craniosynostosis involves premature fusion of cranial sutures, leading to abnormal head shape.
• This rare condition requires timely recognition and neurosurgical referral to prevent complications.
• Delayed diagnosis is linked to intracranial hypertension and impaired brain development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the clinical and genetic features of craniosynostosis.
• To describe classification based on skull shape and key diagnostic signs.
• To emphasize timely recognition and management for better patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Literature search of PubMed, SciELO, and EMBASE databases.
• Keywords included: craniosynostosis, plagiocephaly, scaphocephaly, brachycephaly.
• Selection of Spanish and English articles, prioritizing systematic reviews and guidelines.

Main Results:

• Craniosynostosis can occur in isolation or with other deformities.
• Classification depends on affected sutures, dictating skull shape and associated malformations.
• Late diagnosis is common, leading to complications; early surgery offers better results.

Conclusions:

• Abnormal head shape should prompt suspicion of craniosynostosis, even when isolated.
• Surgical management before one year of age is associated with a better prognosis.
• Timely intervention reduces comorbidity and enhances aesthetic outcomes.