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Heart failure subtypes: Pathophysiology and definitions

Karl Swedberg1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
|April 16, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Heart failure is diagnosed in two types based on ejection fraction, impacting treatment. Type 2 diabetes worsens heart failure prognosis and influences diabetes treatment choices.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) diagnosis is categorized by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) into two primary types.
  • LVEF classification significantly influences therapeutic strategies for heart failure.
  • Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a prevalent comorbidity in patients with chronic heart failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the clinical significance of HF classification based on LVEF.
  • To underscore the bidirectional impact of T2DM on chronic HF.
  • To inform treatment decisions in patients with coexisting HF and T2DM.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current diagnostic criteria for heart failure based on LVEF.
  • Analysis of the prognostic implications of HF subtypes.
  • Examination of the influence of chronic HF on T2DM management.

Main Results:

  • Heart failure is primarily classified as HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
  • The presence of T2DM is associated with a poorer prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure.
  • Chronic heart failure necessitates adjustments in the management of type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate HF classification is crucial for guiding appropriate treatment.
  • The interplay between HF and T2DM requires careful consideration for optimal patient outcomes.
  • Integrated management strategies are essential for patients with both conditions.

Keywords:
DiabetesEpidemiologyHeart failurePathophysiologyPrognosis

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