Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Euler's Equations of Motion01:28

Euler's Equations of Motion

655
In fluid mechanics, shear stresses arise from viscosity, which represents a fluid's internal resistance to deformation. For low-viscosity fluids, like water, these stresses are minimal, simplifying flow analysis by allowing the fluid to be treated as inviscid, or frictionless. In an inviscid fluid, shear stresses are absent, leaving only normal stresses, which act perpendicularly to fluid elements. Notably, pressure — defined as the negative of the normal stress — remains uniform across...
655
Navier–Stokes Equations01:28

Navier–Stokes Equations

1.2K
For incompressible Newtonian fluids, where density remains constant, stresses show a linear relationship with the deformation rate, defined by normal and shear stresses. Normal stresses depend on the pressure exerted on the fluid and the rate of deformation in specific directions, which determines how fluid flows under varying pressures. Shear stresses, on the other hand, act tangentially across fluid layers. They explain how adjacent fluid layers slide relative to one another, connecting...
1.2K
Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest01:11

Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest

531
In a fluid at rest, the pressure at any point beneath the fluid surface depends solely on the depth, not on the container's shape or size. This principle, known as hydrostatic pressure, arises because, in stationary fluids, there is no acceleration, meaning the forces within the fluid balance out. Only vertical forces, caused by the weight of the fluid above, contribute to pressure changes with depth.
When measuring pressure at two different levels within the fluid, the difference in...
531
Characteristics of Fluids01:20

Characteristics of Fluids

7.1K
When a force is applied parallel to the top surface of a solid, it resists the applied force due to the internal frictional forces between the layers of the solid known as shearing resistance. However, when the force is removed, the shearing forces restore the original shape of the solid. Other deformation forces also cause temporary changes in shape if the forces are not beyond a threshold magnitude. Solids tend to retain their shape, making the study of their rest and motion easier. Beyond...
7.1K
Characteristics of Fluids01:31

Characteristics of Fluids

779
Fluids differ from solids primarily in their molecular structure and stress response. Solids have tightly packed molecules with strong intermolecular forces, maintaining their shape and resisting deformation. In contrast, fluids have molecules spaced farther apart with weaker forces, allowing them to flow and deform easily.
Fluids, which include both liquids and gases, are substances that deform continuously under shearing stress. For example, water and oil are liquids with molecules that can...
779
Typical Model Studies01:30

Typical Model Studies

503
Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
503

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Knowledge Gaps and Barriers to Care in Men with Postprostatectomy Incontinence: Evidence from the German ProKontinenz Trial.

European urology open science·2026
Same author

ASO Author Reflections: Surgical Management of Urachal Cancer in Germany: A Nationwide Analysis from 2006 to 2022.

Annals of surgical oncology·2026
Same author

Surgical Management of Urachal Cancer in Germany: A Nationwide Analysis From 2006 to 2022.

Annals of surgical oncology·2026
Same author

Reply to Gringras et al. Comment on "Paditz et al. The Pharmacokinetics, Dosage, Preparation Forms, and Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin for Non-Organic Sleep Disorders in Autism Spectrum Disorder During Childhood and Adolescence: A Systematic Review. <i>Children</i> 2025, <i>12</i>, 648".

Children (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Effects of a Patient Decision Aid for Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer Established in Routine Care: The Randomized Controlled EvEnt-PCA Trial.

European urology focus·2025
Same author

Urologists' Estimation of Online Support Group Utilization Behavior of Their Patients With Newly Diagnosed Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer in Germany: Predefined Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Journal of medical Internet research·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

8.7K

Implicit molecular stresses in weakly compressible particle-based discretization methods for fluid flow.

Max Okraschevski1, Niklas Buerkle1, Rainer Koch1

  • 1Institute of Thermal Turbomachinery, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.

Physical Review. E
|April 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics methods face challenges due to particle representation errors. This study derives new transport equations using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics, revealing a molecular stress tensor to address these issues in fluid dynamics.

More Related Videos

Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression
13:07

Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression

Published on: January 15, 2022

4.2K
Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package
06:37

Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package

Published on: September 17, 2021

4.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 9, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

8.7K
Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression
13:07

Optical Coherence Tomography Based Biomechanical Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Coronary Atherosclerosis Progression

Published on: January 15, 2022

4.2K
Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package
06:37

Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package

Published on: September 17, 2021

4.8K

Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Weakly compressible particle-based methods, like smoothed particle hydrodynamics, are popular for solving fluid dynamics problems.
  • Current methods face limitations as individual particles may not accurately represent homogeneous fluid elements due to errors and shape adaptability issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive isothermal transport equations for a kernel-based fluid element, offering a more accurate representation of fluid dynamics.
  • To identify the molecular stress tensor through nonequilibrium molecular dynamics analysis to explain limitations in current particle-based methods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) analysis.
  • Derived isothermal transport equations for a kernel-based fluid element.

Main Results:

  • Identified a molecular stress tensor from NEMD analysis.
  • The derived equations and stress tensor offer insights into problems with weakly compressible particle-based methods.

Conclusions:

  • The kernel support, rather than individual particles, better represents fluid elements in these simulations.
  • The discovered molecular stress tensor is key to understanding and resolving current challenges in weakly compressible particle-based fluid dynamics.