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Thioredoxins: structure and function in plant cells
Jean-Pierre Jacquot1, Jean-Marc Lancelin2, Yves Meyer3
1Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, URA 1128 CNRS, Université de Paris-Sud, Bâilment 630, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
The New Phytologist
|April 17, 2021
Summary
Thioredoxins are crucial proteins in plants, regulating chloroplast enzymes and aiding germination. Plants uniquely possess multiple thioredoxin types, vital for photosynthesis and metabolism.
Area of Science:
- Plant molecular biology
- Protein biochemistry
- Photosynthesis research
Background:
- Thioredoxins are small proteins with a reactive disulfide bridge, essential for redox reactions in bacteria and animals.
- In plants, thioredoxins regulate chloroplast enzymes and are implicated in seed germination.
- Plants exhibit a unique, large multigene family of thioredoxins with diverse subcellular localizations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the structural biology of plant thioredoxins.
- To explore the evolutionary origins and functions of plant thioredoxins.
- To detail the structural features of thioredoxin-related enzymes and their targets.
Main Methods:
- Sequence analysis for evolutionary insights.
- Biochemical evidence for functional characterization.
- Genetic evidence for physiological roles.
- Structural biology of thioredoxins and associated enzymes.
Main Results:
- Plant thioredoxins form a large multigene family with distinct subcellular localizations.
- Two distinct redox systems (extrachloroplastic and chloroplastic) exist in plant cells.
- Structural features of target enzymes reveal mechanisms of redox regulation.
- Evidence suggests redox regulation evolved in cyanobacteria and became more complex in plants.
Conclusions:
- Plant thioredoxins are integral to photosynthesis, metabolism, and germination.
- The complexity of thioredoxin systems in plants reflects their evolutionary adaptation.
- Understanding thioredoxin structure-function relationships is key to plant science.
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