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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 9, 2025

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Gut Microbiota in Lupus: a Butterfly Effect?

Rongli Li1, Xia Meng1, Beidi Chen1

  • 1Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shuai-Fu-Yuan, Dong-Cheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.

Current Rheumatology Reports
|April 17, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The gut microbiome influences systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by triggering autoimmunity through molecular mimicry or bystander activation. Modifying gut bacteria offers potential therapeutic strategies for SLE.

Keywords:
AutoimmunityGut microbiotaImmune dysregulationMicrobiota translocationMolecular mimicrySystemic lupus erythematosus

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, autoantibodies, and type 1 interferon signatures.
  • The exact causes of SLE remain unclear, with genetic and environmental factors implicated.
  • The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a significant environmental factor in immune-related disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the role of gut microbiota in SLE pathology.
  • To summarize the mechanisms by which gut microbes may contribute to lupus pathogenesis.
  • To highlight potential therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiome for SLE.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on gut microbiota and SLE.
  • Analysis of proposed mechanisms of microbial involvement in autoimmunity.
  • Synthesis of findings on potential microbiome-based interventions.

Main Results:

  • Gut commensals can promote autoimmunity via molecular mimicry or bystander activation, leading to loss of self-tolerance and autoantibody production.
  • Disruption of the gut barrier and translocation of microbes can cause immune dysregulation and systemic inflammation, contributing to SLE.
  • While direct causative evidence is limited, disturbed gut microbiomes are strongly implicated in SLE pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Gut microbiota plays a critical role in SLE development through various immune-modulating mechanisms.
  • Targeting the gut microbiome, through interventions like vaccines, diet, or transplantation, shows promise for SLE prophylaxis and treatment.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise molecular pathways involved in microbiota-mediated lupus pathogenesis.