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Overview of Exosomes

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...

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Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Preparation of Exosomes for siRNA Delivery to Cancer Cells

Preparation of Exosomes for siRNA Delivery to Cancer Cells

Published on: December 5, 2018

Native and Bioengineered Exosomes for Ischemic Stroke Therapy.

Haroon Khan¹, Jia-Ji Pan¹, Yongfang Li²

¹Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

|April 19, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Exosomes, natural vesicles, show promise for treating ischemic stroke by enhancing cell communication. Bioengineering exosomes (BioEng-Exo) overcomes limitations of native exosomes, improving stroke therapy and recovery.

Keywords:

bioengineered exosomes brain ischemia exosomes extracellular vesicles stroke

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Purification and Transplantation of Myogenic Progenitor Cell Derived Exosomes to Improve Cardiac Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophic Mice

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Published on: April 10, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles crucial for intercellular communication in the brain.
They are explored as a stem cell-based therapy alternative for diseases like cerebral ischemia.
Native exosomes have therapeutic potential but face challenges like short half-life and poor targeting.

Purpose of the Study:

To review exosome trafficking and cellular uptake mechanisms relevant to brain targeting.
To survey advancements in bioengineered exosomes (BioEng-Exo) for ischemic stroke therapy.
To summarize research on third-party engineered exosomes for stroke recovery.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on exosome biology and bioengineering techniques.
Analysis of exosome trafficking, cellular uptake, and brain-homing properties.
Overview of methods for bioengineering exosomes for therapeutic applications.

Main Results:

Exosomes possess natural brain-homing abilities, making them suitable for brain targeting.
Bioengineering strategies have been developed to enhance exosome efficacy for stroke therapy.
Engineered exosomes demonstrate improved targeting, payload delivery, and therapeutic outcomes.

Conclusions:

Bioengineered exosomes (BioEng-Exo) offer a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke.
Overcoming limitations of native exosomes through bioengineering is key to clinical success.
Standardized exosome bioengineering techniques are essential for advancing stroke treatment.