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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
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Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
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Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

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During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
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The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
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Updated: Nov 8, 2025

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
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Biocomputing Based on DNA Strand Displacement Reactions.

Hui Lv1,2, Qian Li3, Jiye Shi2

  • 1University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.

Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
|April 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA strand displacement reactions (SDRs) offer enzyme-free, precise control for building biological computing circuits. This review explores SDR design, applications, and future potential in bio-compatible intelligence.

Keywords:
DNA computingbiological computinglogic gatesstrand displacement reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular programming and bio-compatible intelligence.
  • DNA nanotechnology and synthetic biology.

Background:

  • DNA's sequence specificity and base pairing enable molecular programming.
  • DNA computing utilizes DNA for computational tasks.
  • Toehold-mediated strand displacement reactions (SDRs) are key for DNA computing circuits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of SDR design principles.
  • To review the diverse applications of SDRs in biological computing.
  • To discuss the advantages and challenges of SDR-based computing.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on SDRs.
  • Categorization of SDR strategies: DNA-only, enzyme-assisted, multi-molecule, and stimuli-controlled.
  • Analysis of realized computing functions and cross-field applications.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of various SDR design strategies.
  • Introduction to advanced computing functions achieved with SDRs.
  • Exploration of SDR applications beyond traditional computing.

Conclusions:

  • SDRs are a powerful, enzyme-free tool for constructing precise biological computing circuits.
  • Continued research in SDRs promises advancements in bio-compatible intelligence and novel applications.
  • Addressing current challenges will further unlock the potential of DNA-based computing.