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Base Excision Repair01:54

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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[Interactome of Base and Nucleotide Excision DNA Repair Systems].

N I Rechkunova1,2, Y S Krasikova1, O I Lavrik1,3

  • 1Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.

Molekuliarnaia Biologiia
|April 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

DNA repair pathways like base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER) can interact. This review explores how BER and NER proteins cooperate to fix complex DNA damage, including oxidative stress and bulky adducts.

Keywords:
DNA repairprotein-protein interactionsregulation of DNA repair processes

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Base Excision Repair (BER) and Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) are critical DNA repair systems.
  • BER removes damaged bases (oxidative, alkylated), while NER handles bulky lesions (UV, chemical carcinogens).
  • Emerging evidence suggests crosstalk and protein exchange between BER and NER pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of BER and NER.
  • To discuss the cross-functional roles of BER and NER proteins in repairing diverse DNA lesions.
  • To explore the regulatory role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) in coordinating these repair pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on DNA repair mechanisms.
  • Analysis of data on protein interactions and pathway crosstalk.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on BER, NER, and PARP1 involvement in DNA repair.

Main Results:

  • NER proteins are implicated in repairing oxidative DNA damage.
  • BER proteins can contribute to the removal of bulky DNA adducts.
  • PARP1 plays a key role in regulating and coordinating BER and NER, especially for complex lesions.

Conclusions:

  • BER and NER are not entirely distinct pathways but can interact and share proteins.
  • This interplay is crucial for efficient repair of complex DNA damage.
  • PARP1 acts as a central regulator in this coordinated DNA repair network.