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Modeling Immunity In Vitro: Slices, Chips, and Engineered Tissues.

Jennifer H Hammel1, Sophie R Cook2, Maura C Belanger2

  • 1Fralin Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, USA;

Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering
|April 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Developing in vitro models of immunity is crucial for understanding diseases and creating new treatments. This review covers ex vivo cultures, microfluidic devices, and engineered tissues for modeling immunity.

Keywords:
bioreactorexplantsinfectionlymphaticsorgan-on-chiptumor

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • In Vitro Modeling

Background:

  • Modeling immunity in vitro is essential for biological research, therapeutic development, and understanding disease.
  • Key components for modeling immunity include primary immune tissues and peripheral tissues with immune cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review current strategies for modeling immunity in vitro.
  • To identify advancements and future directions in the field of immunity modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Review of ex vivo cultures that preserve native tissue structure.
  • Analysis of microfluidic devices for controlled fluid flow and environment.
  • Evaluation of engineered tissues for precise microenvironment and biophysical cue control.

Main Results:

  • Progress has been made across ex vivo cultures, microfluidic devices, and engineered tissues for immunity modeling.
  • Current models often focus on disease, highlighting a need for more primary immune tissue models.

Conclusions:

  • Further development of in vitro immunity models is necessary to advance fundamental biological understanding and clinical applications.
  • Patient-specific models hold promise for understanding individual immune variations and responding to emerging diseases like COVID-19.