Poplar genes encoding fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins are highly expressed in tension wood

•  Fifteen poplar cDNA encoding fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (PopFLAs) were finely characterized, whereas the presence of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) was globally assessed during wood formation. •  PopFLAs transcript accumulation was analysed through EST distribution in cDNA libraries, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, microarray experiment and Northern blot analysis. Similarly, AGPs contents were globally quantified by rocket electrophoresis. AGPs accumulation was further examined by Western blotting and immunocytolocalization. •  Ten PopFLAs were specifically expressed in tension wood (TW) and not expressed in the cambial zone. Rocket electrophoresis revealed important AGPs accumulation in TW xylem. An anti-AGPs specific antibody recognized two proteins preferentially present in the cell wall-bound fraction from TW. Immunocytochemistry revealed a strong labelling close to the inner part of the G-layer of TW fibres. •  PopFLAs are expressed in xylem and many are up-regulated in TW. It is suggested that some PopFLAs accumulating at the inner side of the G-layer may have a specific function in the building of this layer. PopFLAs expression may therefore be linked to the specific mechanical properties of TW.