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Paracrine signaling allows cells to communicate with their immediate neighbors via secretion of signaling molecules. Such a signal can only trigger a response in nearby target cells because the signal molecules degrade quickly or are inactivated if not taken up. Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions. Nitric oxide as a...
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Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO&#8226;) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO&#8226; Signals in Single Cells
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Application of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Nitric Oxide (NO•) Probes, the geNOps, for Real-time Imaging of NO• Signals in Single Cells

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Nitric oxide signalling in plants.

Steven J Neill1, Radhika Desikan1, John T Hancock1

  • 1Centre for Research in Plant Science, University of the West of England (UWE), Bristol, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.

The New Phytologist
|April 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial signaling molecule in plants, regulating processes like defense and development. Further research is needed to understand its biosynthesis and precise cellular signaling pathways.

Keywords:
Abscisic acid (ABA)cyclic ADP ribose and cyclic GMPcyclic nucleotide-gated ion channelsnitrate reductasenitric oxide synthaseplant-pathogen interactionssignal transductionstomata

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Area of Science:

  • Plant physiology
  • Molecular biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is increasingly recognized as a vital signaling molecule in plants.
  • Its roles in various physiological processes are being uncovered.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the endogenous sources of NO in plants.
  • To outline biological processes mediated by NO.
  • To discuss NO's downstream signaling mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of NO biosynthesis and function in plants.
  • Discussion of biochemical and immunological evidence for NO synthesis.
  • Analysis of NO-induced plant responses and signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • NO is synthesized from nitrite via nitrate reductase (NR); NOS-like enzymes are suggested but not identified.
  • NO influences plant defense gene expression, programmed cell death, stomatal closure, germination, and root development.
  • Intracellular signaling involves cGMP, cADPR, and calcium, but detailed mechanisms require further elucidation.

Conclusions:

  • Quantifying NO synthesis and identifying biosynthetic enzymes are critical research priorities.
  • Elucidating the precise biochemical and cellular nature of NO signaling pathways is essential.
  • Cloning and manipulating NO synthesis/degradation enzymes will advance understanding.