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Gene expression under temperature stress.

Catherine J Howarth1, Helen J Ougham1

  • 1Plant Science Division, AFRC Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK.

The New Phytologist
|April 20, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plants alter gene expression to survive environmental stresses like heat and cold. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) correlate with thermotolerance, while cold stress induces diverse gene expression for acclimation.

Keywords:
Acclimationcoldgene expressionheat-shock proteinshigh temperaturestress

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Environmental stress response
  • Gene expression regulation

Background:

  • Plants exhibit complex gene expression changes in response to environmental challenges.
  • Understanding these responses is crucial for improving crop resilience and yield.
  • High and low temperature stresses trigger distinct, yet sometimes overlapping, molecular mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss plant gene expression alterations under high and low temperature stresses.
  • To explore the role of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in thermotolerance and acclimation.
  • To examine the molecular basis of cold acclimation and its relation to other stresses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on plant responses to thermal stress.
  • Analysis of gene expression patterns at transcriptional and translational levels.
  • Discussion of findings from cloned genes and studies using transgenic plants.

Main Results:

  • Heat shock induces specific heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and represses normal protein synthesis.
  • HSP synthesis shows a correlation with thermotolerance, though causality is not fully established.
  • Cold stress elicits diverse gene expression changes, including enzymes, structural proteins, and cryoprotectants, contributing to acclimation.

Conclusions:

  • Plant gene expression is a key adaptive mechanism for surviving environmental stresses.
  • HSPs play a role in cellular protection during heat shock, but their precise function in thermotolerance requires further investigation.
  • Cold acclimation involves a range of gene products that protect against cellular damage and dehydration, with some overlap in response to drought and osmotic stress.