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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Holistic processing is crucial for recognizing faces.
  • The other-race effect (ORE) describes better recognition of own-race faces compared to other-race faces.
  • It is debated whether the ORE stems from diminished holistic processing of non-native faces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the ORE is a result of reduced holistic processing for other-race faces.
  • To examine holistic processing differences across diverse ethnic groups (Malaysian Chinese, African, European Caucasian, Australian Caucasian).
  • To assess the relationship between holistic processing measures and face recognition accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-cultural study involving Malaysian Chinese, African, European Caucasian, and Australian Caucasian participants.
  • Four tasks were administered: yes-no face recognition, composite, whole-part, and global-local tasks.
  • Participants evaluated unfamiliar own- and other-race faces.

Main Results:

  • A significant ORE was observed in the face recognition task.
  • Holistic effects (composite and whole-part) were present but not stronger for other-race faces.
  • Malaysian Chinese and African participants showed a stronger global processing bias than Caucasian participants.
  • Little to no correlation was found between holistic processing measures and face recognition performance.

Conclusions:

  • The findings challenge the theory that reduced holistic processing underlies the ORE.
  • The ORE may be influenced by cultural, motivational, and socio-cognitive factors.
  • Future research should adopt an interactionist perspective to understand the ORE comprehensively.