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Related Experiment Video

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Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups
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Temperature-dependent near-surface interstitial segregation in niobium.

Guilherme Dalla Lana Semione1,2, Vedran Vonk2, Arti Dangwal Pandey2

  • 1Fachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|April 20, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Annealing niobium reduces detrimental hydride formation and alters impurity distribution. Low temperatures cause interstitials to move towards the surface, impacting superconducting properties for particle accelerators.

Keywords:
interstitialsniobium surfacestructure

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Superconductivity
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Niobium's superconducting properties are sensitive to near-surface impurities and hydride formation.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for optimizing niobium-based devices, particularly superconducting radio-frequency cavities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of low temperatures and annealing treatments on the near-surface region of hydrogen-loaded niobium.
  • To explore the behavior of surface oxides and interstitial species under varying conditions relevant to device operation.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic wide-temperature range X-ray diffraction study.
  • Controlled annealing treatments at 523 K (nitrogen atmosphere) and 400 K (ultra-high vacuum).
  • Cryogenic temperature testing from 108 K to 130 K.

Main Results:

  • Annealing increased interstitial oxygen and nitrogen in the bulk and near-surface regions at room temperature.
  • At 130 K, interstitial concentration decreased within the top 10 nm of the surface.
  • Hydride formation was suppressed even at 130 K.

Conclusions:

  • Mild annealing in nitrogen effectively suppresses superconducting-detrimental niobium hydrides.
  • Subsurface interstitials segregate towards the surface at 130 K, modifying impurity profiles.
  • These findings offer pathways to enhance niobium superconducting radio-frequency cavities for particle accelerators.