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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview01:06

Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview

Interfacial electrochemical methods focus on the phenomena occurring at the boundary between an electrode and a solution, as opposed to bulk methods that concentrate on the solution's overall properties. These interfacial methods are classified as either static or dynamic based on the presence of a nonzero current in the electrochemical cell and the consistency of analyte concentrations. Static methods, such as potentiometry, measure the cell's potential without any significant current passing...

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Probing and Mapping Electrode Surfaces in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
15:08

Probing and Mapping Electrode Surfaces in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Published on: September 20, 2012

Cation-Surface Interactions During Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Probed by Surface X‑ray Diffraction.

Mariana C O Monteiro1,2, Leon Jacobse1,3, Arthur M V Hagopian2

  • 1Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.

ACS Physical Chemistry Au
|June 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metal cations influence hydrogen evolution reactions by forming cation layers at catalyst surfaces. Understanding these interactions is key to developing efficient hydrogen fuel production methods.

Keywords:
alkali cationsdouble-layer structurehydration shell structurehydrogen evolution reactionspecular crystal truncation rod

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Probing and Mapping Electrode Surfaces in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
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Probing Surface Electrochemical Activity of Nanomaterials using a Hybrid Atomic Force Microscope-Scanning Electrochemical Microscope (AFM-SECM)
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Probing Surface Electrochemical Activity of Nanomaterials using a Hybrid Atomic Force Microscope-Scanning Electrochemical Microscope (AFM-SECM)

Published on: February 10, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Electrocatalytic hydrogen production is crucial for sustainable energy.
  • Metal cations in electrolytes can significantly affect hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) kinetics.
  • Mechanisms of cation-electrolyte-catalyst interactions are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the formation and behavior of cation layers at the electrochemical interface during HER.
  • To investigate the influence of pH, potential, and cation identity on cation-surface interactions.
  • To reveal the role of interfacial water in cation adsorption and its impact on HER.

Main Methods:

  • Surface X-ray Diffraction (SXRD) for in-situ surface structure determination.
  • Ab initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) simulations for atomic-level insights.
  • Utilized a hexagonally reconstructed Au(100) model catalyst.

Main Results:

  • Cesium cations (Cs+) increase in surface coverage and approach the Au(100) surface at more negative potentials.
  • Cation-surface distances are smaller and coverages higher in alkaline compared to acidic media.
  • AIMD simulations show Cs+ ions entering the first water layer, shedding solvation shells, and altering interfacial water structure.

Conclusions:

  • Potential-dependent cation adsorption and interfacial water restructuring are critical factors in HER.
  • Cation behavior at the interface goes beyond simple "structure making/breaking" effects.
  • Preferential Cs+ accumulation in mixed electrolytes suggests complex interfacial dynamics influencing electrocatalytic activity.