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Related Concept Videos

Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
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False-Positive Axillary Lymph Nodes on FDG PET/CT Resulting From COVID-19 Immunization.

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    COVID-19 vaccination can cause reactive lymph nodes, mimicking cancer spread on FDG PET/CT scans. This finding highlights a potential pitfall for clinicians interpreting scans in vaccinated patients.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Radiology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Mass COVID-19 vaccination campaigns prioritize vulnerable populations, including cancer patients.
    • Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG PET/CT) is crucial for cancer staging.

    Observation:

    • A 70-year-old man with lung cancer presented for staging FDG PET/CT.
    • The scan revealed an avid lung mass and suspicious lymph nodes, alongside avid left axillary nodes.
    • The patient had received the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in his left arm one week prior.

    Findings:

    • The avid left axillary nodes were ultimately interpreted as reactive, likely due to the recent COVID-19 vaccination.
    • This represents a potential imaging pitfall in the interpretation of FDG PET/CT scans.

    Implications:

    • Clinicians must consider recent COVID-19 vaccination when interpreting FDG PET/CT findings, particularly axillary lymphadenopathy.
    • Differentiating vaccine-induced reactive nodes from metastatic disease is critical for accurate cancer staging and treatment planning.