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Occipital cortex is modulated by transsaccadic changes in spatial frequency: an fMRI study.

Bianca R Baltaretu^1,2, Benjamin T Dunkley^3,4,5, W Dale Stevens^6,7

¹Centre for Vision Research and Vision: Science To Applications (VISTA) Program, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada. b.baltaretu@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports

|April 22, 2021

Summary

Transsaccadic vision involves occipital and parietal cortex. This study shows the right cuneus specifically processes spatial frequency during eye movements, distinct from orientation processing areas.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Visual Perception

Background:

Previous neuroimaging studies implicate inferior parietal and ventral occipital cortex in transsaccadic visual object orientation processing.
The role of these brain regions in processing other visual features, like spatial frequency, during transsaccadic shifts remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether the inferior parietal and ventral occipital cortex are involved in transsaccadic processing of spatial frequency.
To identify specific brain regions responsible for spatial frequency transsaccadic modulation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Main Methods:

An fMRI paradigm was used where participants viewed grating stimuli with varying spatial frequencies before and after a saccade or fixation.
A whole-brain Saccade > Fixation contrast was employed to identify relevant brain regions.
Task specificity and feature modulation were analyzed in localized frontal, parietal, and occipital regions.

Main Results:

Two frontal, four parietal, and four occipital regions were localized.
Frontoparietal regions demonstrated task specificity, while occipital regions showed modulation in a saccade control task.
Only occipital cortex exhibited transsaccadic feature modulations, with significant repetition enhancement observed in the right cuneus, suggesting its role in spatial frequency processing.

Conclusions:

The findings support a general role for occipital and parietal cortex in transsaccadic vision.
Specific occipital regions, particularly the right cuneus, play a distinct role in spatial frequency processing during transsaccadic perception.
The identified regions for spatial frequency processing differ from those involved in orientation processing, highlighting feature-specific neural substrates.