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Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...

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Long-Term Associations of Subconcussive Blast Exposure With Brain Function and Structure.

Jared A Rowland1, Benjamin T Dunkley, Jennifer R Stapleton-Kotloski

  • 1Author Affiliations: Research and Academic Affairs Service Line (Rowland, Hamilton, McDonald, and Martindale), Salisbury VA Healthcare System, Research and Academic Affairs, Salisbury, North Carolina; Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (Rowland, Martindale), Durham, North Carolina; Department of Translational Neuroscience (Rowland, Godwin, Martindale), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Neurosciences & Mental Health (Dunkley), SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging (Dunkley), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (Dunkley), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology (Dunkley), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology (Dunkley), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (Stapleton-Kotloski), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Department of Biomedical Engineering (Hamilton), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.

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Summary

Subconcussive blast exposure, even without symptoms, impacts long-term brain function. Both the severity and frequency of these exposures alter the brain

Keywords:
brain injuriesbrain networkexplosionmilitarytraumatic

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Military Medicine

Background:

  • Subconcussive blast exposure is common in military personnel.
  • Previous research often combined concussive and subconcussive exposures.
  • The long-term effects of subconcussive blast exposure alone are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between characteristics of subconcussive blast exposure and brain structure/function.
  • To differentiate the effects of blast severity versus frequency on the brain.
  • To assess brain changes in veterans without a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Main Methods:

  • Observational study of 107 combat-exposed veterans without TBI history.
  • Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measured functional brain connectome metrics.
  • Anatomical MRI and the Salisbury Blast Interview assessed brain volumes and blast exposure history.

Main Results:

  • Average blast severity correlated with slower oscillatory communication.
  • Blast frequency was linked to topological brain network differences.
  • Subconcussive blast exposure did not affect regional brain volumes.

Conclusions:

  • Cumulative subconcussive blast exposure is associated with long-term brain function changes.
  • Both severity and frequency of exposure independently impact the functional connectome.
  • Subconcussive blast exposure can be an invisible neurological insult with lasting effects.