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Updated: Nov 8, 2025

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Published on: June 11, 2012
Correlates of analog vs human basal insulin use among individuals with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study
Sara J Cromer1, Deborah J Wexler1, Pooyan Kazemian2
1Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
Background:
Given the shift from use of less expensive human to costlier analog insulins for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), we examine characteristics and glycemic control associated with type of basal insulin use.
Methods:
We analyzed respondents with T2D in six consecutive National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (2005-2016). Logistic regression models examined associations between demographics, socioeconomic factors, and NHANES cycle with (1) type of basal insulin use and (2) hemoglobin A1c <8.0% and <7.0% according to basal insulin type.
Findings:
Basal insulin use increased from 9.6% to 17.2% of respondents with T2D between 2005 and 2016. Among 723 respondents meeting inclusion criteria, the proportion using analog basal insulin rose from 58% to 88%. African American (aOR 0.42, 95% CI 0.24-0.74) and Hispanic (aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.30-0.96) respondents had lower odds of analog basal insulin use than non-Hispanic White respondents in adjusted and unadjusted models. Older age and having health insurance, but not type of basal insulin use, associated with meeting HbA1c targets.
Interpretation:
Non-White NHANES respondents were less likely to use analog basal insulin than White respondents. Increased analog basal insulin use between 2005 and 2016 was not associated with improved glycemic control.
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