Conducting conservation social science surveys online

Area of Science:

• Environmental social science
• Conservation research
• Online survey methodology

Background:

• The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally impacted environmental and conservation research.
• Conservation social scientists increasingly rely on online survey questionnaires for data collection.
• Unique challenges include mobile device usage, participant recruitment, and preventing survey fraud.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current state of online survey methods for data collection and dissemination in conservation research.
• To identify best practices for ensuring rigor and data quality in online surveys.
• To provide methodological recommendations based on literature and practical experience.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent online survey methods.
• Analysis of methodological decisions from a national study on bird feeding.
• Illustration of challenges and opportunities in online data collection.

Main Results:

• Online surveys offer opportunities for participant recruitment, design, and pilot testing.
• Online survey panels provide rapid access to diverse participant samples.
• Key considerations include sampling error, nonresponse error, multi-device design, and data quality protocols.

Conclusions:

• High-quality online surveys require careful attention to potential errors and robust data quality checks.
• Designing instruments for multiple devices and employing fraud detection are crucial.
• Funders, editors, and policymakers should support and promote rigorous online survey practices in conservation.