Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 8, 2025
07:24
Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals
Published on: April 14, 2020
18.0K
Electron paramagnetic resonance of lanthanides.
Joseph E McPeak1, Sandra S Eaton1, Gareth R Eaton1
1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States.
Methods in Enzymology
|April 23, 2021
Summary
Lanthanide electron spin relaxation properties enable various applications. Gadolinium (Gd3+) has long relaxation times for distance measurements, while other lanthanides
Area of Science:
- * Solid-state and materials chemistry
- * Quantum information science
Background:
- * Lanthanides possess unique electron spin properties crucial for diverse applications.
- * Electron spin relaxation times vary significantly among lanthanides, influencing their utility.
- * Gadolinium (Gd3+) exhibits long relaxation times, while other lanthanides have much shorter ones.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To summarize the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) properties of each lanthanide.
- * To emphasize the role of electron spin relaxation in lanthanide applications.
- * To differentiate the applications based on lanthanide relaxation characteristics.
Main Methods:
- * Review of existing literature on lanthanide EPR spectroscopy.
- * Analysis of electron spin relaxation phenomena in lanthanides.
- * Compilation of EPR spectral characteristics across the lanthanide series.
Main Results:
- * Gd3+ and Eu2+ show distinct relaxation properties compared to other lanthanides.
- * Long relaxation times of Gd3+ are suitable for double electron-electron spin measurements and MRI contrast agents.
- * Short relaxation times of other lanthanides enable NMR shift reagents and EPR studies at low temperatures.
Conclusions:
- * Lanthanide electron spin relaxation is a key factor determining their applicability.
- * Tailoring applications by selecting lanthanides with appropriate relaxation times is feasible.
- * Understanding these properties is essential for advancing lanthanide-based technologies.
More Related Videos
13:21Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Published on: July 21, 2011
15.1K
08:31Luminescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Study Conformational Changes in Membrane Proteins Expressed in Mammalian Cells
Published on: September 16, 2014
12.3K
Related Concept Videos
01:05Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance
936
The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
936
01:17Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals
3.0K
Ideally, an unpaired electron shows a single peak in the EPR spectrum due to the transition between the two spin energy states. However, coupling interactions can occur between the spins of the unpaired electron and any neighboring spin-active nuclei. This hyperfine coupling results in hyperfine splitting, where the EPR signal is split into multiplets. The signals split into 2nI + 1 peaks, where n is the number of equivalent nuclei and I is the nuclear spin. These splitting patterns provide...
3.0K
01:16Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR
560
Many organic, inorganic, and biological molecules contain spin-half nuclei such as nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31. As a result, NMR studies of these nuclei have found extensive applications in chemical and biological research.
While fluorine-19 and phosphorous-31 have high natural abundances (100%) and positive gyromagnetic ratios, nitrogen-15 has a low natural abundance and a negative gyromagnetic ratio. However, nitrogen-15 is still preferred over nitrogen-14 (which has a...
While fluorine-19 and phosphorous-31 have high natural abundances (100%) and positive gyromagnetic ratios, nitrogen-15 has a low natural abundance and a negative gyromagnetic ratio. However, nitrogen-15 is still preferred over nitrogen-14 (which has a...
560
03:26Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms
61.9K
The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
61.9K
03:02Colors and Magnetism
12.7K
Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
12.7K
01:27π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview
1.3K
An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
1.3K