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Breast Milk Enhances Growth of Enteroids: An Ex Vivo Model of Cell Proliferation
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Breastfeeding, Physical Growth, and Cognitive Development.

Jordyn T Wallenborn1,2, Gillian A Levine3,2, Angélica Carreira Dos Santos4

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Following World Health Organization (WHO) breastfeeding guidelines promotes healthy child development. Adhering to WHO recommendations significantly improves cognitive development and reduces stunting in urban settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Breastfeeding rates are declining in middle-income urban settings.
  • Perception of reduced necessity due to available clean water and food alternatives.
  • Investigating breastfeeding's role in early childhood development in São Paulo, Brazil.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the importance of breastfeeding for early childhood development.
  • To assess the impact of WHO breastfeeding recommendations in an urban context.
  • To analyze physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study in São Paulo, Brazil (Western Region Birth cohort).
  • Recruited children at birth, managed for 3 years.
  • Analyzed exclusive and mixed breastfeeding durations and WHO recommendation compliance using regression analysis.

Main Results:

  • Compliance with WHO recommendations associated with a 0.4-SD increase in overall child development.
  • Significant increase in height-for-age z-score (0.6-SD) with adherence.
  • 67% decrease in odds of stunting for children meeting WHO guidelines.

Conclusions:

  • WHO breastfeeding recommendations are crucial for healthy physical growth and cognitive development.
  • Breastfeeding remains vital even with access to complementary foods.
  • Supports continued promotion of breastfeeding in urban middle-income settings.