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Mesocosm-Scale Constructed Wetland Design for Wastewater Treatment
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A simple, dynamic, hydrological model for mesotidal salt marshes.

Darryl E Marois1, Hilmar A Stecher1

  • 1U.S. EPA Western Ecology Division, Pacific Coastal Ecology Branch, 2111 S.E. Marine Science Dr., Newport, OR USA.

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Summary

This study developed a simple, empirical model to predict salt marsh hydrology, accounting for tides and precipitation. The model accurately simulates water table levels and inundation, aiding in understanding marsh processes and impacts of sea-level rise.

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Area of Science:

  • Coastal Ecology
  • Hydrology
  • Geomorphology

Background:

  • Salt marsh hydrology is complex due to tidal flows, variable water density, vegetation, and intricate stream channels.
  • Existing mechanistic models struggle to capture these complexities, hindering simulations of crucial marsh processes like nutrient cycling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and calibrate a simple, empirical dynamic model for salt marsh groundwater and surface-water hydrology.
  • To predict marsh water table response to tides and precipitation based on elevation and proximity to tidal channels.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized water level data from a well transect in Winant Slough, Oregon.
  • Created and calibrated a parsimonious, empirical dynamic hydrology model.
  • Validated the model using data from additional transects and other marshes in Tillamook Bay, Oregon.

Main Results:

  • The model achieved standard errors of 2.5 cm to 3.6 cm during validation.
  • Predicted inundation frequencies of the top 10 cm of soil ranged from 18.3% to 59.3%.
  • Estimated available soil pore space for tidal water ranged from 12.5% to 24.7%.

Conclusions:

  • The model provides accurate predictions of salt marsh hydrology, crucial for understanding nutrient cycling and biogeochemical processes.
  • Simulations indicate significant impacts of sea-level rise on marsh pore space and inundation, potentially altering vegetation zonation.
  • This accessible model offers valuable hydrological insights for land managers, ecologists, and biogeochemists.