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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

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All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current01:14

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

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An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
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Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency01:11

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The earth's gravitational field produces a 'twisting force' perpendicular to the angular momentum of a spinning mass (such as a spinning top) that causes the mass to 'wobble' around the gravitational field axis in a phenomenon called precession. Similarly, the magnetic moment (μ) of a spinning nucleus precesses due to an external magnetic field directed along the z-axis. The precession of the magnetic moment vector about the magnetic field is called Larmor precession,...
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Search for Axionlike Dark Matter Using Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.

Deniz Aybas1,2, Janos Adam1, Emmy Blumenthal1

  • 1Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|April 23, 2021
PubMed
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This experiment searched for ultralight axionlike dark matter using nuclear magnetic resonance. The Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment set new limits on axion-dark matter couplings, demonstrating a novel detection technique.

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Area of Science:

  • * Particle Physics
  • * Astrophysics
  • * Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • * Dark matter constitutes a significant portion of the universe's mass, yet its nature remains elusive.
  • * Axionlike particles are hypothetical candidates for dark matter, particularly in the ultralight mass range.
  • * Detecting axionlike dark matter requires sensitive experimental probes capable of interacting with standard model particles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To experimentally search for ultralight axionlike dark matter particles.
  • * To constrain the coupling strengths of axionlike particles to nuclear spins.
  • * To demonstrate the feasibility of using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance for dark matter detection.

Main Methods:

  • * Employed the Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment (CASPEr) utilizing ^{207}Pb solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance.
  • * Measured nuclear spin ensemble properties in a polarized ferroelectric crystal within a 4.4 T magnetic field.
  • * Swept the magnetic field to search for axionlike dark matter signatures within a 1 MHz band around 39.65 MHz.

Main Results:

  • * Established upper bounds on axionlike particle couplings: |g_{d}|<9.5×10^{-4} GeV^{-2} and |g_{aNN}|<2.8×10^{-1} GeV^{-1} (95% confidence level).
  • * Translated the constraint on g_{d} to an upper bound of 1.0×10^{-21} e cm for neutron electric dipole moment oscillations.
  • * Derived an upper bound of 4.3×10^{-6} for the amplitude of CP-violating θ parameter oscillations in quantum chromodynamics.

Conclusions:

  • * The experiment successfully set stringent limits on ultralight axionlike dark matter properties.
  • * Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance is a viable and promising technique for future dark matter searches.
  • * The results contribute to narrowing down the parameter space for axionlike dark matter candidates.