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Screening for marginal food security in young children in primary care

Imaan Bayoumi1,2, Catherine S Birken3,4,5,6, Kimberly M Nurse3,4

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, 220 Bagot St., P.O. Bag 8888, Kingston, ON, K7L5E9, Canada. bayoumi@queensu.ca.

BMC Pediatrics
|April 24, 2021
PubMed

Insights

A single question from the Nutrition Screening Tool for Every Preschooler (NutriSTEP®) effectively identifies marginal food insecurity in families with young children. This screening tool aids in connecting families to essential community resources and financial assistance programs.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Public Health Screening
  • Child Health Outcomes

Background:

  • Household food insecurity (FI) is linked to adverse child health outcomes, even at marginal levels.
  • The Nutrition Screening Tool for Every Preschooler (NutriSTEP®) is a validated measure of nutrition risk that includes a single item on FI.
  • This study assesses the utility of the NutriSTEP® FI question as a child-specific screening tool.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a single NutriSTEP® food insecurity question.
  • To compare the NutriSTEP® FI question against the Hunger Vital Sign™ criterion measure.
  • To assess the tool's effectiveness in a primary care setting for young children.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 1174 families with children aged 18 months to 5 years.
  • Employed the 2-item Hunger Vital Sign™ as the gold standard for food insecurity assessment.
  • Analyzed the sensitivity and specificity of the single NutriSTEP® FI question.

Main Results:

  • Identified 4.5% of families as marginally food secure.
  • The NutriSTEP® question demonstrated a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 91%.
  • The single question showed good construct validity when compared to the Hunger Vital Sign™.

Conclusions:

  • The single NutriSTEP® question is a potentially effective tool for screening marginal food security in families with young children.
  • This screening can facilitate referrals to community services and financial aid programs.
  • Early identification of food insecurity can improve access to support systems for vulnerable families.
Abstract

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