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Bone Mineral Density and Content Among Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Comparative Study
Eranga H Silva1, Chandima M Wickramatilake2, Sarath Lekamwasam3
1Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka.
Insights
Total body lean mass (TBLM) is the strongest predictor of bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and controls. These associations were stronger in patients, suggesting lean mass is crucial for bone health in CAD.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Osteology
- Body Composition Analysis
Background:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) is increasingly linked to osteoporosis.
- Understanding the relationship between body composition and bone health in CAD patients is crucial for risk stratification and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between body composition parameters and bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) in patients with established CAD.
- To identify predictors of bone mineral status within the CAD patient cohort.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 73 men with CAD and 65 age/sex-matched controls.
- Data collection included anthropometrics, serum vitamin D, calcium, phosphorous, and body composition analysis via DEXA.
- Statistical analyses included t-tests, Mann Whitney U-test, Chi-square, Pearson correlation, and regression models.
Main Results:
- CAD patients exhibited higher total body fat mass (TBFM) and truncal fat mass (TRFM), and lower serum vitamin D levels compared to controls.
- Both TBFM and total body lean mass (TBLM) positively correlated with total body BMD/BMC and regional BMDs in both groups.
- TBLM was identified as the strongest predictor of total body bone mineral content/density (TBBMD/TBBMC).
Conclusions:
- Total body lean mass (TBLM) is the primary determinant of bone mineral density and content in both CAD patients and controls.
- The association between TBLM and bone mineral status is significantly stronger in CAD patients than in controls, even after adjusting for confounders.
Introduction:
Some studies indicate an association between coronary artery disease (CAD) and osteoporosis. This case-control study examined the association between body composition and bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) among patients with CAD.
Materials And Methods:
A group of men (n = 73) with established CAD and age and sex matched controls (n=65) were included in the study. Data collected included socio-demographic information, disease related data (from cases), anthropometric measurements, serum vitamin D, calcium and phosphorous and body composition analysis using DEXA. Two groups were compared using independent sample t-test, Mann Whitney U-test or Chi square test. Pearson correlation and regression models were used to test the associations between body compartments.
Results:
Among cases, the mean disease duration was 29 (range 5-192) months and 15% had triple vessel disease. Patients had higher mean total body fat mass (TBFM) (18869.7 vs 16733.0) g, p = 0.018), truncal fat mass (TRFM) (9259.1 vs 7992.5 g, p = 0.009) and fat percentage (28.6 vs 25.9%, p = 0.001) compared to controls. Median serum vitamin D level was significantly lower among patients (20.0 ng/mL) compared to controls (27.1 ng/mL) (p = 0.003). In both groups, TBFM and total body lean mass (TBLM) both showed significant positive correlations with total body BMD/BMC and regional BMDs. Of the two, TBLM emerged the best predictor of TBBMC/TBBMD. These associations were greater among patients than controls.
Conclusions:
TBLM appears to be the strongest predictor of TBBMD and TBBMC in patients and controls. The strength of associations was greater among patients compared to controls even after adjusting for possible confounders .
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