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Long noncoding RNAs in intestinal homeostasis, regeneration, and cancer

Vipin K Yadav1, Amit Kumar1, Prem P Tripathi2,3

  • 1CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|April 26, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators of intestinal homeostasis, regeneration, and cancer. These noncoding RNAs offer promising potential as diagnostic and therapeutic markers for intestinal diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Protein-level targeting of deregulated signaling pathways in human malignancies has yielded limited success.
  • A significant portion of the human genome (approximately 75%) is transcribed into noncoding RNAs, with long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) playing critical regulatory roles.
  • lncRNAs are implicated in regulating tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and the development of various cancers, including intestinal cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recently discovered long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in intestinal homeostasis, regeneration, and tumorigenesis.
  • To highlight the role of lncRNAs in regulating intestinal stem cells, injury-induced regeneration, and intestinal tumor initiation and progression.
  • To present lncRNAs as potential diagnostic and therapeutic markers for intestinal pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of high-throughput sequencing technologies and studies on noncoding RNAs.
  • Analysis of research on the function of lncRNAs in intestinal stem cell regulation, regeneration, and cancer development.
  • Synthesis of current findings on lncRNAs as biomarkers in intestinal diseases.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are key regulators of fundamental cellular processes, including tissue homeostasis and regeneration.
  • Dysregulation of lncRNAs is observed in various human malignancies, particularly intestinal cancer.
  • Emerging evidence points to the involvement of lncRNAs in intestinal stem cell function, regeneration after injury, and the initiation and progression of intestinal tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pivotal in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and orchestrating regeneration processes.
  • lncRNAs represent a significant area of research for understanding and treating intestinal pathologies, including cancer.
  • The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of lncRNAs in intestinal diseases warrants further investigation and development.
Keywords:
Wnt signalingepithelial barrier functionintestinal cancerintestinal homeostasislong noncoding RNAs

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