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Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation02:38

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation

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Introduction
Halogenation is another class of electrophilic addition reactions where a halogen molecule gets added across a π bond. In alkynes, the presence of two π bonds allows for the addition of two equivalents of halogens (bromine or chlorine). The addition of the first halogen molecule forms a trans-dihaloalkene as the major product and the cis isomer as the minor product. Subsequent addition of the second equivalent yields the tetrahalide.
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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Structure and Physical Properties of Alkynes02:37

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Introduction:
In nature, compounds containing both carbon and hydrogen are known as "hydrocarbons". Aliphatic hydrocarbons are compounds whose molecules contain saturated single bonds (i.e., alkanes) or unsaturated double or triple bonds. Alkenes contain carbon–carbon double bonds and have a structural formula CnH2n. Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing carbon–carbon triple bonds are called "alkynes" and are structurally represented by the formula CnH2n-2.
The...
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Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
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Ambiphilic Al-Cu Bonding.

Han-Ying Liu1, Ryan J Schwamm1, Michael S Hill1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|April 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New copper-alumanyl complexes with unsupported Al-Cu bonds were synthesized. Their reactivity varies with carbene co-ligand identity, suggesting tunable Cu-Al ambiphilicity for novel chemical transformations.

Keywords:
aluminumcoordination modescopperligand effectsmetal-metal interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Main Group Chemistry

Background:

  • Carbene ligands are crucial in stabilizing metal complexes.
  • Aluminum-copper interactions are underexplored in main group chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize novel copper-alumanyl complexes.
  • To investigate the influence of carbene co-ligands on Al-Cu bond reactivity.
  • To explore the ambiphilic nature of the Cu-Al interaction.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of novel copper-alumanyl complexes using specific carbene ligands (NHCiPr and Me2 CAAC).
  • Characterization of the synthesized complexes.
  • Reactivity studies with carbodiimides and carbon dioxide (CO2).

Main Results:

  • Successful preparation of [LCu-Al(SiNDipp )] complexes featuring unsupported Al-Cu bonds.
  • Observed divergent reactivity with different carbene co-ligands when reacting with carbodiimides and CO2.
  • Evidence for ambiphilicity in the Cu-Al interaction, modulated by the carbene ligand.

Conclusions:

  • The identity of the carbene co-ligand significantly impacts the reactivity of copper-alumanyl complexes.
  • The Cu-Al interaction exhibits tunable ambiphilicity, opening avenues for selective chemical transformations.
  • These findings contribute to understanding cooperative effects in bimetallic systems.