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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 8, 2025

The Social Dimension of Stress: Experimental Manipulations of Social Support and Social Identity in the Trier Social Stress Test

The Social Dimension of Stress: Experimental Manipulations of Social Support and Social Identity in the Trier Social Stress Test

Published on: November 19, 2015

Stress and imagining future selves: resolve in the hot/cool framework.

Janet Metcalfe¹, William James Jacobs²

¹Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY10027jm348@columbia.eduhttps://psychology.columbia.edu/content/janet-metcalfe.

The Behavioral and Brain Sciences

|April 26, 2021

Summary

The hot/cool framework impacts willpower and episodic memory. Stress negatively affects the cool system, impairing access to future selves and thus reducing resolve.

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Area of Science:

Behavioral Economics
Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

The hot/cool framework, often used to explain self-control, is typically associated with suppression.
Ainslie's work primarily links this framework to the suppression of impulses.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the broader implications of the hot/cool framework beyond suppression.
To investigate the framework's connection to resolve and future self-access.
To propose a link between the cool system's integrity and both willpower and episodic memory.

Main Methods:

Conceptual analysis of Ainslie's hyperbolic discounting model.
Integration of concepts from cognitive psychology regarding episodic memory and self-access.
Theoretical prediction of the impact of negative factors on the cool system.

Main Results:

The hot/cool framework has significant implications for understanding resolve, not just suppression.
Resolve is fundamentally linked to accessing future selves, a function of the cool system.
The cool system's functionality is tied to episodic memory.

Conclusions:

Factors that impair the cool system, such as stress, are predicted to negatively affect willpower.
Impaired cool system function is also predicted to impact episodic memory.
This suggests a unified mechanism underlying willpower, episodic memory, and resolve.