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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Constructing an Olfactometer for Rodent Olfactory Behavior Studies Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
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Constructing an Olfactometer for Rodent Olfactory Behavior Studies Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

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Sensory neuroscience: Early value-based odor categorization.

Mary Schreck1, Minghong Ma1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|April 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mice brains dynamically represent odor information in the olfactory bulb. Mitral cells update value and category representations based on learned tasks, showing experience-dependent neural processing.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 8, 2025

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Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Olfactory system research
  • Sensory processing

Background:

  • Understanding how the brain categorizes external stimuli is crucial.
  • Experience-dependent and behaviorally relevant processing are key aspects of sensory perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the brain dynamically represents odor information.
  • To explore the role of mitral cells in the olfactory bulb in odor categorization.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized learned behavioral tasks in mice.
  • Recorded neural activity in mitral cells of the olfactory bulb.

Main Results:

  • Mitral cells dynamically represent value-related odor information.
  • Mitral cells also represent category-related odor information.
  • These representations are linked to learned behavioral tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Mitral cells in the olfactory bulb play a dynamic role in representing learned odor information.
  • Odor representation in the olfactory bulb is experience-dependent and behaviorally relevant.