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Updated: Nov 8, 2025

Inoculation Strategies to Infect Plant Roots with Soil-Borne Microorganisms

Inoculation Strategies to Infect Plant Roots with Soil-Borne Microorganisms

Published on: March 1, 2022

Rhizosheath microbes induce root immune response under soil drying.

Jiahao Wang^1,2,3, Yexin Ding², Yiying Cao²

¹Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China.

Plant Signaling & Behavior

|April 28, 2021

Summary

Rice roots form a protective layer called a rhizosheath under drought stress. This rhizosheath influences root microbes and activates plant immune responses, enhancing drought tolerance.

Keywords:

Moderate dry soil plant defense plant–microbe interaction rhizosheath rice

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Area of Science:

Plant biology
Microbiology
Genomics

Background:

The rhizosheath, a soil-root matrix, is a key drought-adaptive trait in angiosperms with potential for agricultural sustainability.
Rice forms a rhizosheath under moderate soil drying (MSD) but not continuous flooding (CF), altering root microbial communities.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how rhizosheath formation regulates the root immune system in rice under different water conditions.
To analyze root transcriptomes to understand molecular mechanisms of plant-microbe interactions.

Main Methods:

Comparative transcriptome analysis of drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive rice varieties.
Examination of root and rhizosphere under moderate soil drying (MSD) and continuous flooding (CF) conditions.

Main Results:

Rhizosheath formation under MSD significantly alters microbial communities in rice roots and rhizosphere.
Microbes associated with the rhizosheath appear to trigger plant immune pathways, including pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity.

Conclusions:

Rhizosheath-associated microbes play a role in activating rice root immune responses under drought stress.
Understanding these interactions can inform strategies for improving crop resilience and agricultural sustainability.