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Updated: Nov 7, 2025

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
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The Dynamic Differences between Self- and Other-Oriented Mental Inferences: An ERP Study on a False-Belief Task.

Xieshun Wang1, Yanjie Su2, Min Hong1

  • 1School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, China.

Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience
|April 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Theory of Mind (ToM) involves understanding mental states. This study found distinct brain activity (LPC and LNC) for self versus other-oriented inferences, with differences linked to autistic traits.

Keywords:
Autistic traitsEvent-related potentialOther-orientedSelf-orientedTheory of mind

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Social Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Theory of Mind (ToM) is crucial for social interaction, enabling inferences about others' mental states.
  • ToM encompasses both understanding others (other-oriented) and oneself (self-oriented) mental states.
  • Individual differences in ToM are linked to social functioning and conditions like autism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural dynamics differentiating self-oriented from other-oriented mental inferences.
  • To examine the role of event-related potentials (ERPs) in distinguishing these two types of ToM tasks.
  • To explore the relationship between neural responses and autistic traits.

Main Methods:

  • A false-belief task was employed to elicit self-oriented and other-oriented mental inferences.
  • Event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured using electroencephalography (EEG).
  • Participants completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) to assess autistic traits.

Main Results:

  • Other-oriented attributions showed a larger late positive component (LPC) at parieto-occipital sites compared to self-oriented attributions.
  • A larger late negative component (LNC) was observed at frontal-central sites for other-oriented attributions.
  • The amplitude difference in LPC between self and other-oriented attributions correlated positively with AQ scores.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct neural processes, reflected by LPC and LNC, underlie self-other distinction and conflict control in ToM.
  • Increased autistic traits are associated with greater difficulty in self-other distinction during ToM tasks.
  • ERP measures provide insights into the neural mechanisms of ToM and its relation to autistic traits.